The Impact Of Skull Fractures

All skull fractures are caused by extreme force to the head except in those occurring in babies under 3 months old. In addition to the skull itself being fractured, a host of other injuries usually results from such a blow to the head.

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Usually it is accompanied by brain damage due to the impact of the injury or from blood clots resulting from it. These injuries vary among different age groups because the skull is made up of separate bones that fuse together after time and then calcify.

The bones of the skull are very strong and resilient. Our skulls keep our brains very well protected. Studies have shown that it takes a force of 400 to 700Kg for less than 0.001 of a second to cause a fracture. If the impact is slower than this, the head will move. In very young children more force can be applied to the skull without fracturing it because the bones that make it up have not yet fused together and the elastic sutures that hold the bones together will flex. It will still become deformed under such a force and brain damage will probably result but the bones will not fracture.

Two types of skull fractures may occur: linear and compound. A linear fracture will result in swelling of the scalp accompanied by a miscellaneous array of neurological symptoms and any of differing levels of consciousness. In a compound fracture, you might see spinal fluid leakage or even brain matter coming through the wound. Most of the time these types of fractures will show up on an x-ray but those occurring at the base of the skull may not, and in this case, must be detected by pneumocephaly and air-fluid levels present in the frontal or stenoid sinuses.

Since there are many different types of skull fractures depending on the angle of impact, these injuries are classified into the following categories:

* Linear, or displaced (depressed or elevated) skull fractures. Presents swelling of the scalp and varied levels of consciousness

* Simple or compound Very risky for infection, may cause unconsciousness and seizures

* Base of skull or vault fractures.

Studies show that most skull fractures occur in children under the age of 3 and that most of these are caused by injuries suffered at birth, falls from high places, or violent parental abuse.